Blacks that did not have jobs could be put in jail, and therefore took the first job (even bad jobs) offered to them. Lincoln: The states should be reintegrated into the Union when ten percent But in his first showdown with Congress upon being elected, Grant backed down and accepted a compromise proposal with the Senate even after the House had voted to join him in his opposition to the Act. At the end of this lesson, each student should demonstrate his or her proficiency by doing one of the following: 1. Congress established a joint committee to review Reconstruction policy and set further conditions for readmitting states. While not generally used today, it was accepted usage (by both black and white writers) during this period and it is part of the historical record. How did white Southerners view the Freedmen's Bureau? Ten Southern states were placed under the control of military leaders until such time as they passed the Fourteenth Amendment and put state constitutions in place that aligned with the United States Constitution. However, Congress refused to seat the newly elected senators and representatives from the South. The EDSITEment-reviewed sites Digital History and Documenting the American South offer a wide variety of documents concerning the effects of Reconstruction on the newly freed black population and Southern society, in general. beOai4sA 'aKjlNa
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@vKZtQUGm1)V8'. answer choices Time period after the Civil War Attempt to rebuild and reunite the North and South When 3 new amendments to the Constitution were passed All of the above! It required that 50 percent of a state's voters take the oath of allegiance and demanded stronger safeguards for emancipation than Lincoln's as the price of readmission. endstream
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10% plan What was Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction called? Fear of black rule. HUO0~_qo'N$bMLBB#%mSIn;6wNO'Hb Teachers may wish to have students read several of the following, which illustrate the tension and uncertainty that existed along with the joy of liberty: Students might then be asked to examine the painting A Visit from the Old Mistress from the EDSITEment-reviewed site Africans in America. A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union. _Rd~HYzA?NMDDJHojx,zZ gk3pi:A2!I,8X^78ZrT]RruNx6 first hand documnets or eye witness accounts from this time. How did John Wilkes Booth affect Reconstruction? [c5vk~a5T?,
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2b(RG,}ti\ Yes, two from Mississippi. The teacher will also want to discuss the vernacular and odd spellings that occasionally come through in diary entries and interviews with ordinary citizens and ex-slaves. Similarly, there were those in the South who turned their bitterness at losing the war into a default position of hostility to all efforts to move forward. &!O3bsJ!WK^86QP91IDY LcB=G[s^P`~`AB)Pd~yfOqbS(ox2GWb{quG9sX }Lg U[* While one document cannot speak to the effects of the war on an entire group, it will give students an insight into what may have represented a common experience and reaction to Reconstruction policy.
Enough Republican senators appreciated the fact that Johnson's offenses were political and that they did not fall under the high crimes and misdemeanors specified in the Constitution for presidential impeachment. Stanton was suspended in August 1867 and replaced with Grant as an interim. Gp}1:qr
+sWg" ^8u1k^l2GPt%,}cAZwf? The thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendment were created during the twelve years of rebuilding the country. The First Reconstruction Act (March 1867) invalidated the state governments established under Johnson's policies (except the government of Tennessee, which had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment) and divided the former Confederacy into five military districts. Corruption compromised the ability of the government and, frequently, of private interests to facilitate the reconstruction of the South. Alternative means of assessment include asking the students to do either or both of the following: 1. In this activity, students will be asked to imagine that they are research assistants gathering evidence for a prominent historian (the teacher) during the years following Reconstruction. What were the provisions of the first Reconstruction Act? Congress was divided among Radical, Moderate, and Conservative Republicans and Democrats. Did Congress like the 10% Plan? What was the immediate cause of Johnson's impeachment? Lincoln realized that, with the war over, anything that prolonged the divide between North and South would be harmful to the nation overall. What was the "Swing 'Round the Circle"? They gave land to the railroads. Tradesmen hoping to take advantage of the vast number of construction contracts being offered to rebuild the war-torn South. 0
The objective is to show the students how the combination of facts, opinions, statistics, and pictures can broaden their understanding of a subject. Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war. It declared that all people born in the United States are entitled to be citizens without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery. Connect to Life Which speaker's view of love appeals more to you? In this sense Reconstruction failed not because of President Grant or even because of southern opposition to civil rights, but because an entire nation--North, South, and West--lost the political and moral will to support the cause of equality before the law. General Grant National Memorial, Reconstruction Era National Historical Park, Ulysses S Grant National Historic Site, Download the official NPS app before your next visit, Reconstruction Era National Historic Park, reconstruction era national historical park, Reconstruction Era National Historical Park. a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land, formally known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, was established in 1865 by Congress to help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War. No. The historians aim is to write the first comprehensive history of the period. In May 1865, with Congress out of session, Johnson began to implement his own Reconstruction program. Workers would be given a modest home, supplies, and a small portion of land to farm for personal use in exchange for also farming the landowners land. Democrats who were previously unable to vote due to their Confederate ties were now able to vote and run for office. Who was the Republican leader in the House? 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With the assistance of original historical documents, students will consider the ways different perceptions from leading political figures about the outcomes of Reconstruction affected the political debate and the political future of the nation. there was corruption, but no more in the South than the North and no more than usual in the gov't, but Democrats kept this myth alive to keep power. It was approved by both houses in June 1866. Grant won the 1868 presidential election by a landslide in the Electoral College, but only won the popular vote by 300,000 ballots. What was President Johnsons role in the period of Radical Reconstruction that took place in 1867 and 1868? The sharecropping model left many tenant farmers in such dire straits that it was nearly impossible to break free from their economic shackles. By clarifying and expanding the definition of what constituted a United States citizen, the Fourteenth Amendment brought emancipated African Americans into American society and allowed them to take advantage of much-needed legal protections. Sharecropping. Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Our Brother in Black: His Freedom and Our Future, 1881, William Robert Houghton, Two Boys in the Civil War and After, An AutobiographyA Southern Colored Woman, Lesson 1: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Aftermath of War, Lesson 2: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Politics of Reconstruction, The Battle Over Reconstruction: Southern Recovery. Formally defines citizenship and protects a person's civil and political rights from being abridged or denied by any state. In any event, these Northern carpetbaggers were viewed as outsiders and exploiters by many who formerly had been loyal to the Confederacy. was a negative term Southerners adopted and gave to opportunistic and speculative Northerners who moved to the South during the Reconstruction Era, often seen as frauds. The amendments created to protect black freedoms seemed like a huge step in the right Economic Growth and Development 18151860, Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends. HUn0+(cj , @X! 3 southern states votes came in with 2 sets of counts, 1 Dem, 1 Repub, so the vote went to the House of Representatives who decided Republicans. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like sharecropping, Freedman's Bureau, Wade-Davis Plan and more. When duly elected black representatives were expelled from the Georgia legislature, Georgia once again fell under military rule.
How did many Southern states work around the voting rights guaranteed in the Fifteenth Amendment? What was the purpose of the Black Codes which were enacted in Southern states in 1865 and 1866? endstream
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Please wait while the activity loads. Did black voting end in 1877 with the end of Reconstruction? The new state legislatures adopted socalled black codes to keep the newly freed African Americans, or freedmen, in their place. endstream
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Underline each complement and indicate what kind of complement each one is. it was now all white corruption so did not attract as much attention. Which of the following is true of the Civil Rights Act of 1866? Although the Lost Cause narrative argued that Grant's presidency had been a complete failure, more recent scholarship has attempted to reevaluate his legacy in a more balanced manner, highlighting both the accomplishments and shortcomings of his eight years in office. More recent interpretations, however, offer a broader timeline for Reconstruction. In February 1868, after months of investigation, the House voted to impeach the president, largely on the grounds that Johnson had violated the Tenure of Office Act in firing Edwin Stanton. quizlet Describe the general character of the social conditions within the nation in the aftermath of Reconstruction. Rather than working with congressmen who might have supported his Reconstruction plan, Johnson alienated potential political allies by vetoing legislation intended to ensure civil rights for African Americans. Irving E. Lowery, Life on the Old Plantation in Ante-Bellum Days, 1911, Group C: Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, From the Cotton Field to the Cotton Mill: A Study of the Industrial Transition in North Carolina, 1906, Group D: The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869. Question 4 Who were its members? WebOne of the main goals of Military Reconstruction was to ensure that voting rights were granted to African American men. What lesson did the Republicans learn from Grant's slim victory? Johnson denounced the Fourteenth Amendment and urged the southern states not to ratify it. WebQuestion 1 What was the primary purpose of the Reconstruction period following the Civil War? Congress enacted its Reconstruction program over Johnson's veto. %%EOF
It helped maintain schools for black kids and insured fairness of labor contracting. HUj@}WDn! CONTEXT: In the imaginary land of Wakanda, established landowners keep their power by maintaining private armies. Amnesty was granted to any southerner who took an oath of allegiance, with the exception of Confederate officials, officers, and wealthy landowners. Republicans were in control of both the House and Senate, and they gave a ringing endorsement to the amendment and congressional, not presidential, Reconstruction. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. Throughout his term, Johnson would try to use his Executive Branch appointments and role as Commander in Chief to try to resist Radical Reconstruction efforts being forwarded by the Republican-controlled Congress. However, what gains were made in the realm of civil rights were under assault by the time Grant died and almost completely destroyed by the turn of the century. Lincoln vetoed this bill, setting the stage for a compromise on the issue of Reconstruction. Reconstruction Only in South Carolina. If loading fails, click here to try again. 'j/%>Rgy|@mePxSNOw5Nu'IbL`hEfYaWk*_p What wasthe primary purpose of the Reconstruction period following the Civil War? Who had been his early political supporters? Write a short essay on how social contexts surrounding a person can contribute to his or her upbringing, beliefs and overall quality of life. Both Sharecroppers and Tenant Farmer did not own the land they farmed, but received a share of the profits of the crops Tenant Farmers : Were mostly poor whites who lived and farmed on someone else's land, owned a few tools or supplies which enabled them to make a small profit, because they need not borrow as much on credit. WebEvaluating Reconstruction Directions: Watch Crash Course #22 and use your Reconstruction Notes to answer the questions below. Compose and turn in for a grade a 2-4 page brief for the historian in Activity 2 that more fully evaluates the views presented in the document covered by his or her group. *SY(u%
9 Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. While there were some improvements in African American life in the post-war South, many whites were reluctant to abandon their racist attitudes and biased practices. WebEvaluating Reconstruction As the Civil War was drawing to a close in 1865, President Lincoln began making plans for the physical, economic, social and political rehabilitation of a region Distinguish the central and driving ideas at work in the documents used to illustrate this lesson. The war devastated the Southern economy and population, leaving a lot of hard feelings towards the victorious North. Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends, Next Essentially repudiating the 1857 Dred Scott decision, the amendment clearly states that all persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. It provides for due process and equal protection under the law. The impeachment of Johnson. endstream
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The great political battles of the era were full of interesting reflections and assertions about the nature and purpose of America and American government. 'B!Kck#'=kimtfqqT~>(i{w-[V] The teacher may also want to point out that original documents, such as these, retain their original spelling and syntaxeven if incorrect. And Black Americans continued to face acts of organized intimidation, mob violence, and murder because of their race. and any corresponding bookmarks? All of the amendments were made to protect former slaves and their rights but on paper they did not have any rights. It was left to the Senate to try the presidentwith Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase presidingand determine whether he should be removed from office. #o`9} }#9BNDo9L(]xA
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.Qhg After reading their assigned document, students should answer the document questions on their worksheet and then proceed to the interactive to answer those questions. While it could be used in a derogatory way, it did notin every casesuggest racist attitudes or carry the stigma that it does today. They were codes or rules created by southerners after the Civil War to restrict the new rights and freedoms of African American in the south. The Aftermath of Reconstruction It was signed into law by President Andrew Johnson. [6O;},DLJ ^;4Orqb.:)O.FXl-%}ZXMHlxixt0CM@)Ymr3xQwv_D&?Qe2}=4#r"A: %QHW)/7+ "IG
This lesson plan will explore the social, economic and political conditions of the United States as Reconstruction drew to a close in the years leading up to the Compromise of 1877. hVKo@+{l>["
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z5:w[*aUwiD2[Av4ft?eSdMN'Vm'yl9/fh-5E"$tXM_=?)[1ZX&/rW-]gK@0Xmzf7+U-"jE1ENM|:2!US.N,'(g({e]a]X`6K(R(:eFF| hwAocF@s00Zm/~;?VJoI(s` }L 6k'pU]sT@VY&Cv; XH8FgCL=rM5Ax6Kv$8u#+8>&`v ? After the impeachment of Andrew Johnson and the ascendancy of Congress in directing Reconstruction policy, the realities of enforcing their well-meaning goals soon dimmed the enthusiasm of many Republicans. During Reconstruction, Johnson did not believe there was anything to be gained by promoting equal rights for African Americans. Following the presentations, the teacher may also wish to lead the class in a discussion of the methodology of this activity, asking students to examine the ways in which maps, pictures, and original documents expanded their understanding of the topic. For the most part, women were unsuccessful in their own fight for voting rights. Much of the South lay in ruins with He believed that there would be no benefit to punishing southern states. 2023 Course Hero, Inc. All rights reserved. What did Johnson advise the southern states to do about the 14th amendment? It was drafted according to the Ten-Percent Plan It gave blacks the right to vote Moreover, the horrors of the late war were alive in the memories of most Americans and the real or imagined threat of resumed and open hostilities operated with more persuasive force than the best of arguments. You have not finished your quiz. Why Did Reconstruction Come to an End? Reconstruction came to an end as a direct result of too many Southerners opposing the reconstruction. endstream
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This narrative was promoted by former Confederates, academics, and politicians alike and served to falsely provide an underlying ideology to justify denying equal rights. Lincoln's plan was the easiest, and the Radical Republican Plan was the hardest on the South. Who did it benefit? The first federal immigration restrictions were passed during this time. his early supporters were farmers in east Tennessee who didn't own slaves. The 15th Amendment became an unenforced dead letter by the late nineteenth century. The effects of the Civil War and of Reconstructionparticularly in the Southcontinue to shape and to be a contentious subject in our politics today. 109 0 obj
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This meant that the huge majorities Republicans then enjoyed were, so to speak, operating on borrowed time. States had to ratify the 13th & 14th amendment, and enacted Military Control of Reconstruction with the Military Reconstruction Act. CAm? Why was the Battle of Midway a turning point in the war in the Pacific? Copy of Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Activity.docx, Karen-Hernandez_Evaluating_Reconstruction_Interactive_Activity, Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Project.docx, Janmarco Ordonez Romero - Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Project.pdf, Linh Ho - Reconstruction Notes Questions.docx, Deysha Macrae Reconstruction assignment.docx, HIS 121-W1 Ch. Then, for each characteristic of, Reconstruction listed on the chart, check off whether your character would feel positive. They passed two bills. (113M As a result, the Democrats began using their newfound majority to roll back many of the social programs put in place during Reconstruction that were designed to aid the poor and African Americans. D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina, Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, Excerpt from the testimony of Henry Blake, 1937. Johnson wrote much of the Reconstruction legislation himself. In preparation for teaching this lesson, the teacher should review the entire lesson plan, including introductory background information. Worked a piece of land for a fixed share of the crop. dkRlbH/Wo/3+Po32dDJAw'sN72G>0,a-X{..\&j;Z0P{~S W]O"Kwrzb\G 7O XctWhpk While many of the efforts at reconstruction were legitimate and well-intentioned, a good number were not. a white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often for personal profit. Why was the former Confederacy divided into military districts by the federal government? But in the end, events overpowered the best thinking on both sides of this divide and the impact of these great victories was left to be felt and interpreted by a new generation of Americans. The organization put in place after the Civil War to provide schools in the South was known as: answer choices The Civil Rights Committee Right now, he is working on the chapter that examines the importance and impact of the Fourteenth Amendment. As a result, these farmers remained in a form of economic bondage, tied to the landowner with no foreseeable way of making enough personal profit to become independent. The Command of the Army Act prevented the president from issuing orders to the military except through the general of the army, who at the time was Ulysses S. Grant; additionally, the commanding general could not be removed without the Senate's consent. Weighted against growth in the North, the South fared poorer by all economic gauges.